Saving Data on single Molecule

Over the past few years, the building blocks of storage media have become ever smaller. But further miniaturization of the current technology is hindered by fundamental limits of quantum mechanics. "A new approach consists of using so-called spin-crossover molecules as the smallest possible storage unit."
Similar to normal hard drives, these special molecules can save information via their magnetic state. To do so, they have to be placed on surfaces without damaging their ability to save the information.
Researchers from Kiel University has significantly achieved a new methodology to store data with improved capacity. To do so they successfully placed a new class of spin-crossover molecules onto a surface as well as they have also used interactions which were previously noticed as obstructive to improve the molecule's storage capacity. 
The storage capacity of conventional hard drives could therefore theoretically be increased by more than 100-fold, and data carriers could be made significantly smaller.
The differentiation between two possibilities is the smallest piece of information that a computer can save. bits, as the smallest electronic storage unit, are the basic building blocks for all information stored on hard drives. They are presented as a sequence of zeroes and ones. Over the past few years, storage media have become ever smaller while their capacity to store information has increased. One bit on a hard drive now only requires a space of around 10 by 10 nanometres. This is still too big for miniaturizing components, however.
"The technology that is currently being used to store data on hard drives now reaches the fundamentalslimits of quantum mechanics due to the size of the bit. It cannot get any smaller, from today's perspective," says Torben Jasper-Tönnies, doctoral researcher in Professor Richard Berndt's working group at Kiel University's Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics. He and his colleagues used a single molecule to encode a bit to demonstrate a principle that could enable even smaller hard drives with more storage in the future. 
"Our molecule is just one square nanometre in size. Even with this alone, a bit could be encoded in an area 100 times smaller than what is currently required," says Dr Manuel Gruber. This would be another step towards shifting the limits of quantum physics in storage technology.

The molecule that the research team used can assume two different magnetic states, and when attached to a special surface, it can also change its connection to the surface. It can then be switched between a high and low magnetic state, and turned by 45 degrees. "When transferred onto storage technology, we would be able to depict information on three states—those being 0, 1 and 2," explained Jasper-Tönnies. "As a storage unit, we wouldn't have a bit, we would have a 'trit.' Binary code would become trinary code."

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